Tech Insights & Engineering Articles
Explore technical articles, software architecture deep dives, clean code tutorials, and computer science explorations from my journey.
Products — When Two Independent Things Become One Structure
In programming, we combine values all the time.
Isomorphism — When Two Different Models Are Actually the Same
Sometimes the hardest bugs come from believing two structures are different when they actually contain the same informat…
Duality — Flipping the Arrows Changes Everything
When we studied initial objects and terminal objects, something subtle appeared.
Terminal Object — The Place Where All Arrows End
In the previous post we saw **initial objects** — objects that can send arrows **to everything else**. Now we reverse th…
The Initial Object — Finding the True Beginning
“Every complex system that works evolved from a simple system that worked.” — John Gall
Projection onto a Line — The Hidden Geometry Behind Prediction
Imagine trying to predict a value using a model. You have data points scattered in space. But your model can only prod…
Orthogonality — When Information Doesn’t Interfere
Imagine trying to listen to two people talking at the same time.
Angle & Cosine Similarity — How AI Understands Meaning
Sometimes two sentences can look very different but still mean the same thing.
Writer Monad — When Functions Need to Talk Without Breaking Purity
One of the first things you learn in functional programming is: