Technical Directory

Tech Insights & Engineering Articles

Explore technical articles, software architecture deep dives, clean code tutorials, and computer science explorations from my journey.

Projection onto a Line — The Hidden Geometry Behind Prediction

Projection onto a Line — The Hidden Geometry Behind Prediction

Imagine trying to predict a value using a model. You have data points scattered in space. But your model can only prod…

Arun Pandian M
Mar 3, 2026
3 min read
Orthogonality — When Information Doesn’t Interfere

Orthogonality — When Information Doesn’t Interfere

Imagine trying to listen to two people talking at the same time.

Arun Pandian M
Mar 3, 2026
3 min read
Angle & Cosine Similarity — How AI Understands Meaning

Angle & Cosine Similarity — How AI Understands Meaning

Sometimes two sentences can look very different but still mean the same thing.

Arun Pandian M
Mar 3, 2026
4 min read
Writer Monad — When Functions Need to Talk Without Breaking Purity

Writer Monad — When Functions Need to Talk Without Breaking Purity

One of the first things you learn in functional programming is:

Arun Pandian M
Feb 27, 2026
5 min read
Distance Between Vectors — How AI Understands Closeness

Distance Between Vectors — How AI Understands Closeness

When we say two things are **similar**, what do we really mean?

Arun Pandian M
Feb 23, 2026
3 min read
Vector Length (Norm) — How Strong Is a Signal?

Vector Length (Norm) — How Strong Is a Signal?

In the previous post, we learned that the dot product measures alignment. Two vectors pointing in the same direction pr…

Arun Pandian M
Feb 23, 2026
3 min read
When Composition Breaks: Why We Need Kleisli Category

When Composition Breaks: Why We Need Kleisli Category

In the previous posts, we built something beautiful.

Arun Pandian M
Feb 22, 2026
4 min read
The Quiet Power of Hashing-How Systems Detect Change Without Seeing It

The Quiet Power of Hashing-How Systems Detect Change Without Seeing It

The first time I truly understood hashing, it wasn’t because of cryptography. It was because something changed — and no…

Arun Pandian M
Feb 21, 2026
3 min read
Expand Around Center — A Symmetry Discovery Pattern

Expand Around Center — A Symmetry Discovery Pattern

When a structure is symmetric, the fastest way to verify it is not from the edges — it’s from the balance point. Inste…

Arun Pandian M
Feb 21, 2026
5 min read